Thus, the MC1R is the principal melanocortin receptor in the skin where it regulates its pigmentation. The family of melanocortin receptors includes five members each having characteristic size, tissue distribution, and biological significance. MC2R belongs to a superfamily of type 1 G protein-coupled receptors. ACTH binds to the highly specific, for ACTH, melanocortin (MC) 2 receptors (MC2R) located on the surface of adrenal zona fasciculata cells producing cortisol. ACTH, a post-translational product of the proopiomelanocortin protein (POMC), is a 39-amino acid peptide, its sequence being highly conserved in mammals. The adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) is synthesized by the corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland.
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